Water Treatment Plants
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Nutrient removal and recovery from sewage
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is a facility that is designed to treat wastewater from homes, businesses, and industrial facilities. This is usually accomplished through a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The process begins with the removal of large solid materials, followed by the use of microorganisms to break down the organic matter and other pollutants in the wastewater. The treated water is then discharged into the environment, while the remaining solid materials are sent to a clarifier for further treatment.
Natural Sewage Treatment Plant (NSTP)
Design and operation considerations for NSTP
is a method of treating sewage using natural processes such as sedimentation, filtration, and the action of microorganisms. This method relies on the use of constructed wetlands, ponds, or other natural systems to treat the wastewater. The plants and microorganisms in these systems work together to remove pollutants from the water. The treated water can then be used for irrigation or other non-potable uses.
Water scarcity and stress: by 2030, ½ of world recurring water shortages, >1/3 living full-time in water scarce areas, demand could outstrip supply by 40%.
Fecal Sewage Treatment Plant (FSTP)
Disinfection and Post-Treatment of Fecal Sewage
is a type of treatment facility that is specifically designed to treat sewage that contains high levels of fecal matter. This type of sewage is often found in areas with limited sanitation facilities, such as rural communities or refugee camps. The treatment process typically includes the use of physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove pollutants from the water. The treated water can then be used for irrigation or other non-potable uses.
Sludge Liquefaction
Pretreatment of Sludge for Liquefaction
is a process that is used to convert the sludge that is generated during wastewater treatment into a liquid form. This is usually accomplished by using high-pressure jets to break down the solid materials, or by using chemicals to dissolve the sludge. The resulting liquid can be more easily transported and disposed of, and it also reduces the volume of sludge that needs to be stored.
Over 80% of the world's wastewater is discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment, leading to increased water pollution and risks to human health.
Community Public Toilets Treatment
Pretreatment of Public Toilet Wastewater
of wastewater generated in community-based toilets typically involves a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes. The first step is to remove large solid materials, such as toilet paper and other debris, through the use of screens or other physical methods. The next step is to use microorganisms to break down the organic matter and other pollutants in the wastewater. This can be accomplished through the use of septic tanks, constructed wetlands, or other biological treatment systems. The treated water is then discharged into the environment, while the remaining solid materials are sent to a clarifier for further treatment. The sludge that is generated during the treatment process can be further processed through methods such as sludge dewatering or composting to reduce its volume and make it easier to handle and dispose of.
Waste Water Nalla Treatment
Pre-Treatment of Nalla Wastewater
is a method of treating wastewater that is generated by the urban areas, it is usually done by the local municipalities, this method involves the collection of the wastewater from the streets and other surfaces in the urban areas and then treating it before releasing it back to the environment, this method is important to prevent the pollution of the environment.
The estimated global economic cost of water pollution is $558 billion per year.
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Biological Treatment of Effluent Wastewater
is a facility that is designed to treat the liquid waste or effluent that is generated by industrial or commercial operations. This can include waste from manufacturing processes, or from commercial operations such as laundries or car washes. The treatment process typically includes the use of physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove pollutants from the water. The treated water is then discharged into the environment, while the remaining solid materials are sent to a clarifier for further treatment.
